[Effect of gestational diabetes on astrocyte density in CA1 and CA3 subfields of hippocampus in rat offspring]

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common serious metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia, altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins. Gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM], affects 3.5-5% of all human pregnancy. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the effect of gestational diabetes on astrocyte density in CA1 and CA3 subfields of hippocampus in rat male offspring. In this experimental study, 12 Wistar Dams rats were randomly allocated in control and diabetic groups. Gestational diabetes induced by 40 mg/kg/body weight of streptozotocin at the first day of gestation [GD] in experimental group and controls were received an equivalent volume normal saline injection intraperitoneally [IP]. Six male offspring of cases and controls dams, at the 7, 21 postnatal day [P7, P21] were randomly selected. Animals were scarified using chloroform anesthesia. The coronal sections of brain by 6 micrometer serially were prepared. The sections were stained with PTAH. The number of astrocytes was evaluated in 100000 micro m[2] area of CA1 and CA3 in 1000X magnification. Data was analyzed by SPSS-11.5 and t-test. In CA1 subfield of hippocampus in offspring, the number of astrocytes significantly reduced by 36.25% and 36.37% in diabetic group in compare to controls in the P7 and P21, respectively [P<0.05]. In CA3, astrocytes density significantly reduced 36.35% and 26.5% in GD in comparison with controls in the P7 and P21, respectively [P<0.05]. This study showed that the uncontrol gestational diabetes significantly reduces astrocytes density in CA1 and CA3 subfields of hippocampus in rat offspring

[ effect of incorporation of different concentrations of ethanol as a solvent on the microshear bond strength of a solvent-free dentin bonding agent]

Different studies have demonstrated that resin penetration into collagen fibers is influenced and promoted by the presence of a solvent in the bonding agents, but in order to create a reliable bond, it should be removed before curing. This study investigates the effect of adding ethanol as a solvent on the microshear bond strength of a solvent-free dentin bonding agent. After removing the occlusal enamel of 20 caries-free human third molars, midcoronal dentin slices, each about 2 mm thick were prepared then polished by slicion paper. The superficial dentin surfaces were randomly distributed into four groups and treated with James-2 containing different concentrations of ethanol [0, 5, 10, and 20 wt%] in two layers and then light-cured. The micro shear bond strength [micro SBS] was testes using a universal testing machine. The data were finally subjected to one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. James-2 containing 5 wt% ethanol provided the highest micro-shear bond strength [32.1 +/- 6.69 MPa]. There were no statistical differences in micro SBS values between other groups [25 +/- 5.8 MPa, 24.8 +/- 4.93 MPa and 21.8 +/- 4.51 MPa, respectively]. Adding ethanol as a solvent resulted in increased micro shear bond strength to dentin. At higher solvent concentrations no significant change was observed indicating that the solvents may not have been completely removed leading to poor polymerization and porosity reflected as lower bond strengths

[ effects of eight weeks of resistance versus endurance training on plasma visfatin level in middle-aged men]

Visfatin is a newly discovered adipokine which increases with obesity. It is not clear whether resistance versus endurance training which induces changes in adipose tissue and blood lipids might decrease the plasma level of visfatin. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eight weeks of resistance versus endurance training on plasma level of visfatin in middle-aged men. This clinical-trial study was conducted in 2010, in Ghachsaran, Iran. Twenty eight healthy middle-aged men [aged 38.3 +/- 4.7 years; height 173.5 +/- 5.9 cm; BMI 25.9 +/- 2.9 kg/m2] were the subjects of this study. The subjects were randomly assigned into resistance training group [n=9], endurance training group [n=9] or control group [n=10]. Resistance training performed 3 d/wk at an intensity corresponding to 65-80% of one-repetition maximum, 8-12 repetitions and 2-4 sets for 8 weeks. Endurance training group underwent an 8-week intervention with a frequency of 3 d/wk at an intensity corresponding to 65 - 80% maximum heart rate for 20 - 34 minutes. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 15.5 software using t-test. The results showed that the body fat percent, WHR and plasma visfatin were decreased after resistance and endurance training [P<0.05]. Maximum oxygen consumption, on the other hand, increases significantly in the two training groups compared with the control group [P<0.05]. Plasma visfatin levels at baseline were positively correlated with body fat percent and triglyceride concentration [P<0.05]. It seems that eight weeks of resistance and endurance training induces change in adipose tissue, and also decreases the plasma visfatin level in middle-aged men

[ menstruation health status of high school girls in Zabol 2004]

Menstruation in young girls is a phenomen to detect real puberty and is important in adolescents as a natural right. This research has been done to determine the menstruation health situation of high school girls in Zabol -2004. This descriptive study was done on 331 high school girls of Zabol which were selected as cluster - random samples. Data collection was done through pre- test questionnaire and were analyzed considering the characteristics of variables and research objects .Validity and Reliability of questionnaire determined by content validity and test- retest. The statistical methods used are T - test and variance analysis. Results indicated that, the menarch age was 13.4 +/- 1.1 years. 6.3% of samples had permanent, and 9.6% had often PMS signs. The majority of samples [70.1%] had low menstruation health level. Most of them [54.4%] have been received their information from their mothers. Also there was a significant relation between menstruation health level and parents education level, but there were no relation between other factors and menstruation health level. Unfortuantely adolescent girls don't receive correct menstruation health informations that causes incorrect and unhealthy behavior during menstrual period. This determines the necessity of educating female students about the menstrual period and health precautionary measures including appropriate nutrition, exercise and physical activity, personal hygiene, etc

[Knowledge, attitude and practice [KAP] of people living in Babol about clinical symptoms and risk factors of coronary artery diseases [CAD]]

Background and Objective: Determination and modification of cardiac risk factors with early detection of coronary artery disease [CAD] have important role in control of mortality and morbidity in the world. It is necessary to increase the knowledge and attitude of people for better practice and decrease in morbidity and mortality of cardiac disease. This investigation was done to determine the KAP study of people living in Babol [As one of the large cities in North of Iran] for CAD

Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was performed on 1500 persons aged 20-70 years old in Babol. Data were gathered by a questionnaire with 32 questions in five different regions of the city and then the results were statistically analyzed

Findings: From all cases, 58.6% were male and 41.4% were female. About symptoms of CAD: 62.7% and 4.2% had poor and good knowledge, respectively. 27.9% and 36% had poor and good attitude, 37.7% and 14.6% had poor and good practice, respectively. About risk factors of CAD: 65.3% and 0.9% had poor and good knowledge, 43.5% and 6.5% had poor and good attitude, 53.7% and 0.9% had poor and good practice, respectively

Conclusion: In conclusion, people of Babol city have poor knowledge, moderate attitude and poor to moderate practice about symptoms of coronary artery disease and its risk factors. Planning for increasing KAP for prevention of CAD is necessary